Ngokusilela kwezindlu ezingama-600,000 kwaye urhulumente ubonelela kuphela ngama-2,500 ngonyaka, kukho indima edlalwa licandelo labucala.
Steve Kretzmann
- IsiXeko saseKapa sinokusilela okukhulu kwezindlu kunye nelifa lesicwangciso semihlaba socalucalulo.
- Kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo, lo masipala uqalisile ukuthatha amanyathelo okusombulula ingxaki yezindlu esebenzisa icandelo labucala.
- Kodwa abaphandi bathi kuninzi okunokwenziwa ukuququzelela uphuhliso lwezindlu ezifikelelekayo, ezibekwe kakuhle.
Nangona iKapa lingabanga ngokufanelekileyo ukuba lingoyena masipala uphambili ekuboneleleni ngezindlu ezixhaswa ngurhulumente, linengxaki yezindlu. NgokukaSodolophu uGeordin Hill-Lewis esi sixeko sinqongophele malunga nama-600,000 amakhaya. Ngeli xesha, angaphantsi kwama-2,500 amakhaya axhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente nyaka ngamnye ngokomndilili kule minyaka mihlanu idlulileyo. Imfuduko yangaphakathi inyusa inani labemi baseNtshona Koloni ngabantu abamalunga ne-16,000 ngonyaka, uninzi lwabo luhlala eKapa. Kwaye ngezigidi zeerandi ekuthotyweni kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kwiphondo olwenziwa liSebe lezokuHlaliswa koLuntu kuZwelonke, akukho nto inokwenzeka ukuba izindlu ezixhaswa ngurhulumente ziyakunciphisa uxinzelelo olukhulayo. Ngeli xesha, zingaphantsi kwe-11,000 iindawo zokuhlala ezintsha ezigqitywe ngamashishini abucala kwiphondo leNtshona Koloni kulo nyaka uphelileyo, ngokweStatsSA. Ngaphandle kokujongana nemfuno entsha, ukuba zonke izindlu zecandelo labucala zazakhiwe nje eKapa kwaye zidityaniswe nezindlu ezixhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente, kuya kuthatha iminyaka engama-45 ukucima umsebenzi ongekenziwa.
Ngemfuno ebangwayo ukodlula unikezelo, iKapa linawona maxabiso aphezulu eepropati eMzantsi Afrika. Umyinge wexabiso lokudweliswa kweyunithi enamagumbi amabini okulala eKapa kunyaka ophelileyo ibiyi-R2.7-million, kwaye kwigumbi elinegumbi elinye i-R2.2-yezigidi. Ngokwe-standard bond calculator, ingeniso ye-R72,000 ngenyanga iyafuneka ukuze ubondlwe ngokupheleleyo kwipropati exabisa i-R2.2-million. Kodwa uPhando lwamaKhaya ka-2024 lweSixeko saseKapa lubonisa kuphela i-6.5% yamakhaya aseKapa amkela ngaphezulu kwe-R51,201 ngenyanga, kwaye phantse i-70% yamakhaya amkela phakathi kwe-R1,601 ne-R25,600 ngenyanga. Ukukhulula umhlaba weSixeko Emva kweminyaka yomzabalazo wolwakhiwo lwezindlu, isiXeko saseKapa ngoku sityhalela ulwakhiwo lwezindlu ezifikelelekayo kumhlaba ongekho ngaphaya kwemida yesixeko. Ngo-2017, emva kokukhutshwa kweProspectus yeZindlu ezifikelelekayo zeWoodstock, iSalt River kunye ne-Inner-City, umasipala wabhengeza ukuthengiswa kwemihlaba eyi-11 yezindlu zokuhlala kunye nemivuzo exubeneyo. Ezi ziquka iPine Road, iDillon Lane kunye nePickwick Road eWoodstock, iSalt River Market, kunye neMaitland Mews. Njengoko iGroundUp iyazi, yiMaitland Mews kuphela eqeshiweyo, kungekho sitena sibekwe nakweyiphi na indawo.
Ngo-2022, usodolophu wenza ukukhululwa komhlaba kamasipala wezindlu ezifikelelekayo njengenkqubo ephambili. Ezinye iisayithi, ezifana nesiza seFruit & Veg kwiSitrato iRoeland, zikhutshiwe. Ingxelo kaJuni ka-2023 iphawula ukuba ukukhulula umhlaba kawonke-wonke ongenamntu nongasetyenziswanga kakuhle ngexabiso elithotyiweyo kubaphuhlisi bokwakha izindlu zokuhlala kunye nemivuzo exubeneyo “kunika amandla amakhulu okubandakanywa kwedolophu”. Ezo yunithi ziyaqeshwa endaweni yokuba zithengiswe, kwaye zihlala zifikeleleka kwizizukulwana ezizayo zamakhaya afanelekileyo. Umasipala ukwathe kule nyanga ubeke iipropati ezipakishweyo nezilungele ukuphuhliswa ukuze kuthengwe abaphuhlisi babucala ukuze bakhe izindlu ezifikelelekayo. Nangona kunjalo, ezi ziseBlue Downs nase-Atlantis, kude kumbindi wesixeko kwaye azijongani nelifa lesicwangciso sesithuba socalucalulo. Umhlaba obekwe ngcono noko – e-Ottery, eLansdowne, naseBrackenfell – nawo uye wafakwa kwisiniki-maxabiso ngoJanyuwari ukwenzela uphuhliso lwezindlu olufikelelekayo. Lo masipala ukwathengisa ngefandesi iziza ezingamashumi amahlanu kule veki, kodwa akukho sibonelelo sezindlu ezifikelelekayo. Ezinye zezi, ezifana neGood Hope Centre, ziya kwenza iziza eziphambili zezindlu ezifikelelekayo ezikwindawo entle. Oku kubangele uqhanqalazo oluchasene nokuthengiswa komhlaba.
Ukucandwa komhlaba Isidanga sase-UCT uSofia Vy Menell Briel, kwinkcazo yakhe ye-masters ka-2022 kucwangciso lwesixeko nommandla, waqaphela ukuba “kwimeko yeKapa, icandelo labucala linendima ebalulekileyo eliyidlalayo ekuboneleleni ngezindlu ezifikelelekayo ngeenkqubo zezindlu ezixhaswa ngurhulumente kunye nophuhliso lwabucala”. Uthe umasipala kufuneka abonelele ngolawulo kunye nenkuthazo kwicandelo labucala ukuba lingenelele kwaye linikezele ngezindlu ezifikelelekayo. Enye indlela yokulawula kukuzowuni okubandakanyayo. Olu luhlobo lolawulo lomhlaba esithi, iSixeko sithe kuxwebhu lwaso lwengqikelelo yeZindlu eBandakanyayo, lufuna “uphuhliso olukhulu olutsha ukwenza igalelo kubonelelo lwezindlu ezifikelelekayo, ngokwesiqhelo kwiimeko apho abaphuhlisi bafaka izicelo zamalungelo awongezelelweyo”. Abaphuhlisi kufuneka babandakanye iiyunithi zezindlu ezifikelelekayo kumakhaya amkela umvuzo ophantsi nophakathi phakathi kophuhliso, babonelele ngezindlu ezifikelelekayo kwindawo ekufutshane okanye efanelekileyo, okanye banikele ngeentlawulo eziza kutyalwa kwizindlu zokuhlala okanye kuphuhliso lwezindlu ezifikelelekayo.
Kodwa isiXeko saseKapa akukagqibi umgaqo-nkqubo waso wezindlu ezibandakanyayo, owaphakanyiswa kwiminyaka elithoba eyadlulayo. Umasipala akakhange ayiphendule imibuzo esuka kwiGroundUp malunga nokuba kuya kuqukunjelwa nini oku. Iteyiphu ebomvu Ngelixa umgaqo-nkqubo wezindlu ezidityanisiweyo uhleli emaphikweni kwaye umasipala ethengisa ngomhlaba omi kakuhle, utshintsho luye lwenziwa kutsha nje kuMthetho kaMasipala woCwangciso lukaMasipala ngelizama ukudambisa ingxaki yezindlu. Ilungu leMayco kucwangciso lwesithuba kunye nokusingqongileyo u-Eddie Andrews uthe utshintsho lwenza kube “lula ukwakha nokuphuhlisa esixekweni”. Uthe oku kuya kunceda ngoxinaniso, kubandakanywa uphuhliso losetyenziso oluxubeneyo, “kwiindawo ezifanelekileyo”. Uthe olunye lwezi nguqu yiNdawo eNkuthazayo eOlulekeneyo yophuhliso e-Athlone, eMaitland, eParow/Elsies River, eBellville naseDiep River. Indawo eyalekeneyo iyaziphelisa izicelo zokusetyenziswa komhlaba, ngoko ke zizicwangciso zokwakha kuphela ezifunekayo, ukonga ixesha kunye neendleko. Iipropati ezingaphakathi kwendawo ekwalekeneyo zifumana amalungelo awongezelelweyo ophuhliso lokuphakama okwandisiweyo, inani lemigangatho, indawo yepropati ekunokwakhelwa kuyo, ukusilela okufutshane ukusuka kwisitalato kunye neepropati ezikufutshane, kunye “namalungelo okusebenzisa okongeziweyo”.
U-Andrews uthe isiXeko sikwavumele ukuba abanini zindlu baphuhlise iiflethi ezirentwayo ezifikelelekayo njengelungelo elongezelelweyo lokusebenzisa kwiindawo ezikhethiweyo. Uthe oku “kukhuthaza abaphuhlisi abancinci nabancinci ukuba batyale imali kwiindawo apho imfuno yendawo yokuhlala efikelelekayo iphezulu”. Iindawo apho la malungelo ongezelelweyo osetyenziso asetyenziswa khona ubukhulu becala apho izindlu ezixhaswa ngemali ngurhulumente ziye zakhiwa nalapho ingeniso yekhaya ikumgangatho ophantsi ukuya phakathi. Umnini wendlu yeRDP eDunoon, umzekelo, ngoku unokwakha ngokusemthethweni imigangatho emibini ukwenza ukuya kutsho kwiiflethi ezisibhozo, okanye ukuya kutsho kwiiflethi ezili-12 ukuba banepropati enkulu. “Olu hlobo lonikezelo lwezindlu lunegalelo ekudaleni uqoqosho lwasezilokishini oludlamkileyo oluqhutywa ngamashishini abantu, ubukrelekrele notyalo-mali kwaye lungenise ingeniso ebalulekileyo kubanini-zindlu abangathathi ntweni abathi basebenzise impahla yabo ngendlela enemveliso,”utshilo u-Andrews. Nangona kunjalo, olu phuhliso luncinci lusephantsi kwentlawulo yophuhliso lokuphucula okanye ukugcina iziseko ezingundoqo ezifana nemibhobho ehambisa amanzi amdaka kunye nemibhobho yamanzi esitshi.
U-Andrews uthe “amalungelo okuhlala wesithathu” nawo aphunyeziwe njengesilungiso kumthetho kamasipala ngo-2019. Oku kuthetha ukuba abanini zakhiwo banokudala ukuya kuthi ga kwizindlu zokuhlala ezintathu ezahlukeneyo kwipropati yabo (indlu enkulu kunye “neeflethi zikamakhulu” ezimbini, umzekelo) ngaphandle kokufumana imvume kwangaphambili kwiSixeko okanye kubamelwane. Inkuthazo UMichael Clark, umphandi womhlaba wasezidolophini kwiQela leNtshukumo yoPhuhliso, uthi zininzi iinkuthazo zemali kunye nezolawulo iSixeko esinokuzinika ukunyusa ubonelelo lwezindlu ezifikelelekayo. Inkuthazo yezemali ibandakanya ukurhoxiswa kwentlawulo yophuhliso abaphuhlisi ekufuneka bayihlawule, kunye nokurhoxisa okanye ukuthoba isicwangciso kunye nemirhumo yokwakha. Umasipala unokubonelela ngoxolelo kwiirhafu kunye noncediso-mali kwintlawulo yenkonzo, ingakumbi kuphuhliso lwezindlu zabantu abakulungeleyo ukufumana inkxaso-mali. UClark uthe kwicala lolawulo, kukho inkuthazo yoncedo locwangciso lwedolophu apho ulwamkelo locwangciso, usetyenziso ngokutsha lwemo yomhlaba, izifundo ze-geotechnical, kunye nolwamkelo olwandisiweyo lweziseko ezingundoqo zinokulandelelwa ngokukhawuleza, njengoko oku kuthatha ixesha elininzi, nto leyo echaphazela ingeniso yophuhliso.
Ukuthoba okanye ukususa iimfuno zokupaka, ngakumbi kuphuhliso olukufutshane neendawo zezithuthi zikawonke-wonke, kuya kuvumela abaphuhlisi ukuba bakhe amagumbi amaninzi, ukuze bakwazi ukugcina imbuyekezo yabo kutyalo-mali kodwa banikezele ngezindlu zabo ngamaxabiso aphantsi kuba banokwakha iiyunithi ezininzi. Uthe isiXeko sinokubonelela ngobude kunye neebhonasi zokuxinana ukuze abaphuhlisi bakwazi ukwakha amagumbi amaninzi kwindawo enye. Ukubuyisela ezi nkuthazo, ezithoba iindleko zenkunzi kumphuhlisi, umasipala unokunyanzelisa ukuba izindlu ezidityanisiweyo zibe yinxalenye yophuhliso. Uthe umasipala sele ezenza ezinye zezi zinto. UClark uthe iStellenbosch iphumeze umgaqo-nkqubo wayo wezindlu ezibandakanyayo kwaye ukusukela ngoko iphumeze ubuncinci iiyunithi ezingama-900 ezibandakanyayo, ezine-114 esele ziphuhlisiwe. UMasipala weSithili saseGarden Route uphuhlise umgaqo-nkqubo oyilwayo omalunga nenkuthazo, imali nemithetho, “ngoko abantu bayayicinga le nto”, utshilo.